TNF-α

TNF-α is a key cytokine involved in the regulation of immune cells and the inflammatory response. It is primarily produced by macrophages and can stimulate the acute phase reaction, promoting the recruitment and activation of other immune cells. TNF-α influences processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, impacting tissue homeostasis and immune regulation. Dysregulation in TNF-α levels, whether through overproduction or insufficient clearance, can lead to chronic inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. In research and clinical settings, TNF-α is a critical target for therapeutic intervention. Monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptor antagonists are commonly used to inhibit TNF-α activity in patients with autoimmune disorders, aiming to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Measuring TNF-α levels in the blood can also serve as a biomarker for inflammation and treatment efficacy. Understanding TNF-α's role in disease progression and its modulation can provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes.