EGFR

EGFR is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in controlling cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation by binding to specific ligands such as epidermal growth factor. It is primarily expressed in epithelial tissues, where it helps maintain normal cellular function. Dysregulation of EGFR can occur through overexpression, mutations, or alterations in signaling pathways, leading to excessive cell division and survival. These changes are often implicated in various cancers, where increased EGFR activity supports tumor growth and metastasis. Researchers and clinicians target EGFR to better understand its role in cancer and to develop effective therapies. Techniques such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are employed to modulate its activity, aiming to prevent tumor progression and overcome resistance to treatment. Measuring EGFR levels and mutations can serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, guiding personalized treatment strategies. These interventions are crucial for improving patient outcomes by tailoring therapies to the specific molecular characteristics of individual tumors.